How does local authority commissioning impact working conditions and recruitment and retention in adult social care?

Carol Atkinson (Professor of Human Resource Management, Business School, Manchester Metropolitan University)
Florin Vadean (Senior Research Fellow; Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), University of Kent)

July 2026

Not quite 18 months ago, we set out on an innovative National Institute for Health and Care (NIHR) Workforce Research Partnership project that brought together academics and adult social care sector partners to identify the big challenges that face the adult social care workforce. This is unusual: project funding is usually awarded to established ideas, rather than offering space to create these. The approach allowed for in-depth, considered and wide-ranging consultation with a numerous stakeholders in relation to our theme of labour markets, supply and demand. In other words, we set out to identify what are the key issues to be addressed to build the highly skilled workforce that the adult social care sector needs.

We had an ambitious programme of consultation. First, we met with sector leaders, including policy bodies, unions and charities to really try to get under the skin of the issues that contribute to the recruitment and retention problems we see in the sector. A whole range of issues were identified, ranging from leadership to diversifying who is recruited into the sector, and from what can be learnt from providers who have stable workforces to how care is commissioned by local authorities and how pay and other household income affects people’s decisions to work in social care. In total, we identified 11 issues.

Armed with this information, we then held two Community Involvement and Engagement workshops, where we presented these issues and had extensive discussion of their importance and how understanding them better could help build the workforce. One group comprised people who worked in the sector and the other people who drew on care and services. Each group offered feedback that we then took away as a project team and discussed at length at an away day to prioritise what we felt were most important and/ or able to be researched. We ended with four potential issues.

We then re-ran the consultation programme, first taking the four issues back to a sector leaders’ meeting to seek their views on their importance and feasibility. We next went back to our Community Involvement and Engagement groups and held two further workshops. Again, extensive discussions yielded invaluable insights. It is fair to say that there was not a universally agreed view on which one topic was the most important. This is perhaps not unexpected given the wide constituency that we worked with, but did require careful navigation and robust prioritisation frameworks to help us to arrive at our final research topic. We learned a great deal about the value of consultation, and the need to be prepared to adapt, respond and compromise to arrive at an agreed position. But reflecting the views of all those involved was vital in ensuring the relevance of our research project.

So where did we end up? Our project, combining some of the original ideas, will investigate local authority commissioning practices and their impact on care worker pay, terms and conditions of employment and ultimately recruitment and retention. If we can identify better ways of commissioning, then we may be able to design better employment practices that will attract people into and keep them in the sector. We are about to start on the next phase of research, which is co-designing and -delivering the research with all the groups who were involved in the initial consultations. We are looking forward to this process, in the spirit of robust and constructive partnership. We are deeply grateful to those who have already been involved and those who will continue to be so for the supportive manner in which they have engaged with us and how generously they have given of their time. We look forward to the next three years doing the research and aspire to produce research findings that will truly generate change in the sector.